Which type of exercise is primarily aimed at improving muscular strength and endurance?

Resistance training is the type of exercise primarily aimed at improving muscular strength and endurance. This form of training involves the use of weights, resistance bands, or body weight to create resistance against which muscles must work. By systematically applying resistance, the muscles adapt, leading to increased strength and the ability to sustain longer periods of exertion, thereby enhancing endurance.

In contrast, aerobic training focuses on improving cardiovascular endurance by elevating heart rate through continuous activities such as running or cycling. Flexibility training emphasizes the range of motion in joints through stretching exercises, while cardiovascular training broadly refers to exercises aimed at improving the efficiency of the cardiovascular system, which may or may not involve strength-building elements. Therefore, resistance training is distinct as it specifically targets muscular development, making it the correct answer.